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The application of these chemicals spans across various sectors. In municipal water treatment facilities, they ensure that the water supplied to homes and businesses is safe for consumption. In industrial settings, water treatment chemicals are critical for process water, cooling systems, and wastewater treatment. The agricultural sector also relies on treated water for irrigation, emphasizing the need for effective treatment processes to prevent contamination of crops.

Isopropyl alcohol, also known as isopropanol or 2-propanol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. With the molecular formula C3H8O, it is one of the simplest forms of alcohol and plays a crucial role in numerous applications across various industries. From medical disinfectants to household cleaners, isopropyl alcohol's versatile nature makes it an essential compound in our daily lives.

Food additives play a crucial role in the modern food industry, enhancing the quality, texture, and shelf life of various products. Among these, gum-based additives have gained significant attention due to their unique properties and functionalities. Gums, which are naturally occurring polysaccharides, are derived from various sources such as plants, trees, and seaweed. They serve multiple purposes in food production, including thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, and gelling.

5. Flocculants and Coagulants These chemicals help in the removal of suspended solids and turbidity in cooling tower water. By aggregating particles into larger masses, flocculants make it easier for these particles to be removed through sedimentation or filtration.

In pure form, potassium sorbate is a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant.Concentrations up to 0.5% are not significant skin irritants.

The classification of residual solvents is primarily based on their toxicity and potential risk to human health. The International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) has categorized these solvents into three classes. Class 1 solvents are those that are prohibited due to their unacceptable toxicity, such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride. Class 2 solvents are limited because of their potential toxicity and include solvents like methanol and dichloromethane. Class 3 solvents are considered to have low toxic potential and are typically acceptable in pharmaceutical manufacturing, provided their levels are controlled and monitored.

In the medical field, butyl rubber is often used to manufacture stoppers for vials and bottles, ensuring airtight seals that protect pharmaceuticals from contamination. The material's inert nature means it does not react with the drugs it contains, making it a safe choice for sensitive medical products.

Another critical application of aluminum hydroxide in veterinary medicine is as an adjuvant in vaccines. Adjuvants are substances that enhance the body's immune response to an antigen, and aluminum hydroxide has been widely used for this purpose in both human and veterinary vaccines. By creating a depot effect, where the antigen is released slowly over time, aluminum hydroxide prolongs the immune response, leading to a heightened and more durable immunity against diseases.